Crude lead: What are the uses of lead?

　　The crystal structure of lead is a cubic lattice. Lead has high density, low hardness, low melting point, high boiling point, poor electrical and thermal conductivity, and can absorb radiation, so it is used to make containers for radioactive materials and as a protective material. So what are the uses of crude lead: lead?

　　What are the uses of crude lead: lead?

　　Crude lead: Lead is mainly used to make lead batteries; lead alloys can be used to cast lead letters and solder; lead is also used to make protective equipment for radioactive radiation and X-rays; lead and its compounds are highly toxic to humans and can accumulate in the human body. Lead is used as a construction material, lead sulfate battery, and also for welding, trophies and some alloys. Lead can also be made into blooming bullets (also known as Dum-Dum bullets).

　　In 2007, the percentage of global lead consumption was 69.7% for automotive batteries, 2.5% for cable sheathing, 6.5% for rolled and extruded materials, 2.8% for alloys, 8.9% for dyes and other compounds, and 2.7% for others.

　　Crude lead: Lead is the most stable element in terms of quality. There are four stable isotopes in nature: Lead 204, 206, 207, 208, and more than 20 radioactive isotopes.

　　When lead is exposed to oxygen, water and carbon dioxide in the air, its surface oxidizes rapidly to form a protective film. Under heat, lead can quickly combine with oxygen, sulfur and halogens; it hardly reacts with lead cold hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, but can react with hot or concentrated hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Lead reacts with dilute nitric acid, but not with concentrated nitric acid; lead dissolves slowly in strong alkaline solutions.

　　The lead content in the sun is 0.01ppm, the lead content in seawater is 0.00001ppm, and the oxidation state of mainly Pb 2 and Pb 4 on the surface of the Pacific Ocean.

　　Crude lead: What is the industry development of lead?

　　Crude Lead: Lead Metal Market

　　China is rich in lead ore resources. However, the concentration of China's lead smelting industry is relatively low. The total output of the country's top ten lead enterprises is less than 50% of the national output, while 65% of the production capacity of lead batteries is in the hands of a few major manufacturers in Zhejiang. The relative concentration of consumption makes the discourse firmly in the hands of buyers, so the buyer's market is an important feature of the domestic lead market. [18]

　　According to data published by the China Bureau of Statistics, China's refined lead production totaled 4.22 million tons in 2014, down 5.5% y-o-y. China's refined lead production from 2001-2014 is shown in the graph on the right:

　　China's lead concentrate production from 2008-2014

　　China's lead concentrate production from 2008-2014

　　The data also shows that China's total lead concentrate production reached 2.997 million tons in 2014, down 4.84% y-o-y. Between 2010 and 2014, the growth rate of China's lead concentrate production decreased year by year. The graph on the right shows the production of lead concentrate from 2008 to 2014:

　　Crude lead: lead is one of the most important base metals in the national economy and is widely used in battery, cable sheathing, automobile manufacturing, military industry and other industries. Among them, lead-acid battery is the main consumption field of lead, and the consumption of lead accounts for more than 80% of the total demand of lead. With the rapid development of national economy, the demand for industrial raw materials in society is increasing.